| Question | Answer |
| Name the three particles found inside an atom. | Protons, neutrons and electrons
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Which elements have the symbols Na, H, O, Mg, Fe and Cu? | Sodium, hydrogen, oxygen, magnesium, iron and copper.
| What is the mass of a proton, neutron and electron? | Proton=1, neutron=1,electron=very small or 1/2000
| What is the charge of a proton, neutron and electron? | Proton=+1, neutron=0 and electron=-1
| Draw the electron structure of sulfur (16 electrons). | 2,8,6
| What happens to the reactivity of group 1 metals as you go down the group? | They become more reactive down the group.
| Why are the elements in group 0 (the noble gases) are very unreactive? | They already have full outer electron shells.
| What type of bonding occurs between metals and non metals? | Ionic
| What is the main compound in limestone? | Calcium carbonate
| Give two disadvantages of quarrying for limestone. | Noise pollution, dust pollution, increase in traffic, damage to roads
| What is thermal decomposition? | Using heat to break down a compound.
| Write the word equation for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate. | CaCO3 --> CaO +CO2
| What is the chemical test for carbon dioxide? | Limewater (colourless to cloudy)
| What ingredients are needed to make cement powder? | Limestone and powdered clay.
| What is an ore? | A rock containing enough metal to make it economically sensible to extract it.
| Describe two ways to extract copper form its ore. | Carbon reduction and electrolysis.
| What is phytomining? | Using plants to extract metal ions form low grade sources.
| What is an alloy? | A mixture of at metals and possibly some non metal element.
| How is crude oil separated? | Fractional distillation, heat, vaporising and condensing
| What is an alkane? | A hydrocarbon containing single carbon to carbon bonds.
| Give the general formula of an alkane. | CnH2n+2
| Describe the causes and effects of global warming. | CO2, trapped heat, higher global temperatures, rising sea levels
| What is cracking and why is it necessary? | Breaking down large alkane chains using heat and a catalyst. It makes smaller, more useful alkanes and alkenes
| What are the building blocks of polymers called? | Monomers
| What are the two methods used to produce ethanol? | Fermentation(yeast+sugar) and hydration(alkenes+steam)
| How do you extract oil from seeds and nuts? | Crush, filter and distil
| What is an emulsion? | A mixture of two liquids which do not naturally dissolve into one-another.
| Describe the job of an emulsifier. | Holds and emulsion together using a hydrophilic head (loves water) and hydrophobic tail (hates water)
| How do you test for an unsaturated oil? | Use bromine water, it turns orange to colourless.
| Name the layers of inner Earth. | Crust, mantle and core
| Where do earthquakes and volcanoes occur? | At plate boundaries
| Give two pieces of evidence to back up Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift. | Similar fossils, continent shape like a jigsaw.
| Which gases make up the Earth's current atmosphere? | Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon
| Where did the majority of the carbon dioxide in the early atmosphere go? | Used by plants for photosynthesis over millions of years. |
