| Question | Answer |
| The Middle Class liberals wanted to participate in government and have some form of elected national assembly. | 1
|
Students had protested against repressive government controls. | 2
| Tsar Nicholas II was weak and indecisive. | 3
| No freedom of press, no freedom to protest and no freedom to form political parties. | 4
| Socialist revolutionaries wanted peasant revolution to create socialism based around peasant communes. | 5
| Social Democrats (Marxists) wanted urban working classes to stage revolution to create a socialist state, then communism. | 6
| A repressive government. The Okhrana spied on anyone deemed to be an enemy of the Tsar. However, in 1904 more liberal Svyatopolk-Mirsky became Minister of the Interior. He granted more press freedoms. | 7
| Peasants and urban workers were squeezed hard by Witte’s industrialisation policies of high taxes and low wages. | 8
| National minorities (Finns, Poles and Jews) wanted more autonomy and freedom. Also wanted an end to the policy of russification. | 9
| Peasants were unhappy due to poverty, the need for more land due to increasing population, high taxes and redemption taxes on land. The population had increased from 98 million in 1885 to 125 million in 1905. | 10
| Bloody Sunday - 22nd January 1905. 150,000 people joined a protest march in St. Petersburg. The Tsar’s troops fired on peaceful demonstrators causing 200 deaths. | 11
| An economic slump after 1902 led to high unemployment and higher social tension in towns. | 12
| Famine occurred in 1901. Poor harvests in 1900 and 1902 also led to starvation and violence in the countryside. | 13
| Workers worked long hours, had low pay, terrible working and living conditions. They also wanted more political power. Large slums had developed in cities such as St. Petersburg. | 14
| No movement towards a constitutional government or democracy. | 15
| The Russo-Japanese War of 1904 inflicted humiliating defeats on the Russian army and navy. Also led to shortages of food and fuel, high prices and unemployment. | 16 |
