7th Grade 2nd 9 weeks Exam Review

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Domestic tranquility*Peace at home (the US)
Common defense*protecting our country	
General welfare*Providing for those that cannot provide for themselves
Liberty*Freedom
Federal system/Federalism*A system of government in which power is divided between state and National governments	
List the powers of the federal government (aka delegated powers)*-Declare War - Maintain an army - Regulate interstate and foreign trade- Admit new states - Establish post offices - Set the standard weights and measures - Coin money - Establish foreign policy
List the Shared powers (aka concurrent powers)*Tax - Maintain Law and Order - Borrow Money - Charter banks - Establish Courts - Provide for the common welfare
List the State powers (aka reserved powers)*-Establish and maintain schools - Establish local Governments - Regulate businesses within the state - make marriage laws - provide for the public safety - all powers not given to the federal government nor prohibited to the states
Absolute monarchy*A government where all of the decisions for the country are decided by the Royal Family (king, queen, etc).
Constitutional monarchy*A government that has a king, but the king has to follow a constitution of laws where citizens have rights.	
Democracy*A government created by and for the people of that country.	
Direct democracy*People vote directly for everything
Republic*AKA a representative democracy; people vote for other people to represent them in government (Congressmen)
Oligarchy (Aristocracy)*A government in which a few people rule
Autocracy*One person has unlimited power
Totalitarian dictatorship*An autocratic form of Government in which one person has total power	
Checks and balances*System in which one branch of government can LIMIT the power of another branch	
Separation of powers*A system in which power is separated amongst different branches of the Government
Presidential veto*A power of the president to turn down a bill that is trying to become a law
Judicial review*the power of courts to review laws passed by Congress and to make decisions as to whether or not they are Constitutional	
Congressional override*If the president vetoes a bill, congress can override that veto with a 2/3rds vote of both houses of Congress	
Approval of presidential nominees*Congress must approve any job given by the president (cabinet members, supreme court justices, etc)
Impeachment*Officially charging an elected or appointed official with a crime	
Executive branch*President, Vice President, Cabinet members	
Legislative branch*Senators, Representatives, Speaker of the House, President Pro Tempore, etc.	
Judicial Branch*Supreme Court Justices, District Court Judges, Appellate Court Judges	
Shay's Rebellion*A rebellion which broke out in Massachusetts because taxes were raised. It showed the need for a stronger Central/Federal government	
Federalist Papers*Papers written in support of the ratification of the Constitution
Continental Congress*A meeting of the colonies during the American Revolution to discuss the many different things the king was doing wrong; they issued the Declaration of Independence and became the first governing body to the US
The Great Compromise*This Compromise called for a two-house (bicameral) congress. One house based on representation and one based on population
Mayflower Compact*document, signed by the Pilgrims, called for fair laws for all and was the first form of self government (democracy) in America	
Declaration of Independence*A document written by Thomas Jefferson and signed by many other colonists listing all of the things the king did wrong to the colonists, and therefore, the colonies were no longer going to be under British rule.	
Popular Sovereignty*The idea that people should rule "People are King"	
Due Process of Law*The right of a person to have certain procedures followed when charged with a crime	
Consent of the Governed*phrase used to illustrate the idea that people give Governments the right to rule them
3/5 Compromise*This Compromise allowed slaves to be partially counted for the purpose of taxation and representation	
Virginia Plan*Plan which called for representation according to a state's population	
New Jersey Plan*Plan which called for equal representation for the states in the Constitution
petition*to request the government to change its policies, usually done in writing	
elections*a time set aside to vote for leaders and laws	
impeachment*to accuse a government official of breaking the law, a trial follows	
civil disobedience*refuse to follow laws one thinks is unfair in nonviolent ways	
boycott and sit-ins*two examples of civil disobedience	
compromise*when two opposing sides agree to get some of what they wanted
constitutional amendment*to make official changes to the written governmental contract
recall*to take back	
political parties*groups of people that have similar ideas about how government should work	
nation*A large group of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory	
state*a political division within a country
trade*to exchange
diplomacy*making negotiations, treaties, and agreements between opposing parties
treaties*agreements between nations	
tariffs*fees on imported goods	
two-party system*democrats and republicans
national convention*where political parties meet to determine official views about issues
party platform*the issues a political group chooses to focus on
embargo*to cut off trade to a country that has committed an international violation	
United Nations*group of countries throughout the world that get together to discuss and act on global concerns	
Economic aid*helping with money	
humanitarian aid*helping with food, water, shelter, and medical assistance
sanctions*punishments against a country	
Monroe Doctrine*stated that European countries should quit colonizing N. and S. America, or the US would intervene
Presidential summit*a meeting help by the leader of the executive branch	
Military actions*using the armed forces for some purpose
Senate approval*permission of the smallest bi-cameral group for some Presidential action	
Negotiations*talks, discussions, and agreements	
Ambassador*someone who represents a larger group in a foreign environment	
Secretary of State*America's primary ambassador to foreign nations	
War*when the favored action is to kill each other over compromise, negotiation, sanctions, etc.	
Isolationism*to be left alone
National security*safety for a country	
Containment*to keep a situation from expanding to new areas	
Qualifications for US Citizenship*born on US soil, born to US parents, or to be Naturalized	
Naturalization Requirements*complete Form N-400, pass a government/history test, and take an oath to the US, 18 years old	
Bill of Rights*the first 10 Amendments to the US Constitution	
First Amendment Freedoms*Speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition
Disability Act*a law that protects people with physical and mental defects	
National Debt*the amount of money a country owes in loans
Jury Duty*a responsibility of citizens to spend time listening to court cases if a defendant chooses to be tried by peers	
US Constitution*the governmental contract of America	
Constitutional Convention*a meeting to discuss how the government of America would be framed up	
1st Amendment Freedom of Speech*have to ability to say what you are thinking
1st Amendment Freedom of Religion*have the ability to believe how you want to believe	
1st Amendment Freedom of Assembly*have the ability to gather in groups as long as it is peaceful	
1st Amendment Freedom of Press*the ability to read and write your thoughts
1st Amendment Freedom of Petition*the ability to request the government to change its policies	
Right to bear arms*2nd amendment; allows you to have guns
eminent domain*compensation for private property; the government must pay you a fair price if it wants your land
search and seizure*law enforcement may not enter your property without probable cause and/or permission from a judge	
double jeopardy*cannot get charged for the same crime twice, once the trial is over it can't come back to haunt you later	
self-incrimination*"I plead the fifth [Amendment]" means you don't have to testify	
Right to an attorney*you can have a lawyer help you	
Excessive bail*the fee to get you out of jail must be rational and logical depending on your crime	
Cruel and unusual punishment*consequences for breaking the law cannot be torturous, excessive, or embarrassing	
rights*protections everyone has	
responsibilities*citizens must use common sense and appropriate behavior in situations

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7th Grade 2nd 9 weeks Exam Review

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