Impact of the west - during the first opium war, China's ostensible inferiority military-wise compared to western powers made them realize that change was necessary

 
The boxer protocol- the prominence of foreign powers in China made ts citizens uncomfortable and caused them to recognize the need for reform

 
loss of the states- this undermined China's control drastically. for example China had to renege her control over Vietnam and give one of the ports to Japan

 
Self strengthening - its failure in conjunction with Japan's success aroused inclination to seek change to remove China from a weakened position

 
Internal crisis- the corruption in china such as bribery of officials caused the economy to lose a lot of money from taxes, etc.

 
Role of Sun-Yat sen- his revolutionary papers sparked movement and inspiration in China

 
Hundred days reform- this pacified the citizens a bit but concurrently put the Qing dynasty closer to the path of collapse.

 
Death of cixi- the child emperor who could not govern wasa symbol of the incompetence of the Qing dynasty

 
the late qing reforms- it had the least impact as it attempted to conserve the dynasty