QR Challenge: Euro History Review

Question	Answer
French-born Christian humanist (1509–1564) and founder of one of the major branches of the Protestant Reformation; he led the reform movement in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1541 to 1564	John Calvin
A general council of the Catholic church that met between 1545 and 1563 to set Catholic doctrine, reform church practices, and defend the church against the Protestant challenge.	Council of Trent
The English king (r. 1509–1547) who first opposed the Protestant Reformation and then broke with the Catholic church, naming himself head of the Church of England in the Act of Supremacy of 1534.	Henry VIII
Sixteenth-century Protestants who believed that only adults could truly have faith and accept baptism.	Anabaptists
A German monk who started the Protestant Reformation by challenging the practices and doctrines of the Catholic church and advocating salvation through faith alone.	Martin Luther
The treaty of 1555 that settled disputes between Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and his Protestant princes. It recognized the Lutheran church and established the principle that all Catholic or Lutheran princes enjoyed the sole right to determine the religion of their lands and subjects.	Peace of Augsburg
Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1519–1556) and the most powerful ruler in sixteenth-century Europe; he had trouble dealing with Martin Luther.	Charles V
John Calvin's doctrine that God preordained salvation or damnation for each person before creation; those chosen for salvation were considered the “elect.”	Predestination
Those that argued during the sixteenth-century French Wars of Religion that compromise in matters of religion would strengthen the monarchy.	politiques
English queen (r. 1558–1603) who oversaw the return of the Protestant Church of England and, in 1588, the successful defense of the realm against the Spanish Armada.	Elizabeth I
Italian-born mother of French king Charles IX (r. 1560–1574); she served as regent and tried but failed to prevent religious warfare between Calvinists and Catholics.	Catherine de Medici
The settlement of the Thirty Years' War.	Peace of Westphalia
The decree issued by French king Henry IV in 1598 that granted the Huguenots a large measure of religious toleration.	Edict of Nantes
King of Spain (r. 1556–1598) and the most powerful ruler in Europe; he reigned over the western Habsburg lands and all the Spanish colonies recently settled in the New World.	Philip II
The massacre of thousands of French Huguenots by Catholic mobs in 1572.	St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
Writer who advocated belief that a ruler's legitimacy comes from the laws of nature and that these take precedence over the actions of a particular ruler or religious group.	Hugo Grotius
Elizabeth I of England’s two greatest threats to her throne.	Mary Queen of Scots and The Spanish Armada
The idea that all Christians can read and interpret the Bible on their own without help.	priesthood of all believers
The seller of indulgences who served as Martin Luther’s “law straw.”	Johann Tetzel
The name for French Protestants	Huguenots
True or False: The economic recession of the early seventeenth century, despite having a negative effect on men, actually had a positive effect on European women	False
During the 17th century economic power shifted from Spain, Portugal, and the Mediterranean world to the nations of northwestern Europe.	T
There was a period of global cooling in the seventeenth century. Name two consequences of this “Little Ice Age.”	lower crop yields, disruption of trade networks, famine, population decline
The Catholic writer and Christian humanist who inadvertently criticized the Catholic Church in his books.	Erasmus
Martin Luther strongly condemned this war because he believed his ideas on equality did not pertain to the lower classes.	Peasants’ War.
Members of a Catholic religious order approved by the pope in 1540; they served as missionaries and educators all over the world.	Jesuits
Technology that allowed religious reformers to spread their ideas quickly.	printing press
Name of the Protestant Church founded in England.	Anglican Church
Medici Pope that used indulgences to help build St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome.	Leo X
Swedish king who invaded the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years’ War.	Gustavus Adolphus
A general intellectual trend in the sixteenth century that coupled love of classical learning, as in Renaissance humanism, with an emphasis on Christian piety.	Christian Humanism

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QR Challenge: Euro History Review

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