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| Question | Answer |
| Who were the first Europeans to make contact with North America? | Vikings |
| Vikings were skilled sailors and created a new style of ship, called what? | Longship |
| Who was the son of Erik the Red? | Leif Eriksson |
| Where did Eriksson and his crew land? | Labrador Peninsula |
| In the early 1400s, who became a leader in world exploration? | Portugal |
| Who was responsible for advances that made exploration successful? | Henry the Navigator |
| What did Prince Henry build? | observatory and a navigation school |
| What are the two reasons why Europeans wanted to explore the world? | Wanted asian spices and wanted to convert people to their faith |
| What did triangular sails enable boats to do? | Sail into the wind |
| What is an astrolobe? | a device that enabled navigators to learn their ship's location by charting the position of the stars |
| Who led an expedition from Portugal southward along the African coast? | Bartolomeu Dias |
| What was a major result of Portugal's exploration? | Atlantic slave trade |
| Which sailor was from Genoa, Italy? | Christopher Columbus |
| Who funded Columbus' expedition? | King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain |
| What were Columbus' three ships? | Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria |
| Columbus thought he landed in Asia, but where had he landed? | Bahamas |
| A German mapmaker labeled the continents across the ocean America in honor of who? | Vespucci |
| Who was killed in a battle with the native peoples of the Philippines? | Magellan |
| What is to circumnavigate? | go all the way around the globe |
| What were four items brought from Europe during the Columbian Exchange? | cattle, fruit, diseases, grains, horses, sugarcane |
| Where were four items brought from the Americas during the Columbian Exchange? | cocoa, corn, potatoes, squash, tobacco, turkey |
| Who were conquistadors? | soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas |
| Why did Hernan Cortes left Cuba for Mexico? | heard of a wealthy land in the west |
| Who ruled the Aztec Empire? | Moctezuma |
| What led to the fall of the Aztec Empire? | Cortes seizing control of Tenochtitlan and diseases |
| Francisco Pizarro wanted to take over which empire? | Inca |
| The Spanish established three kinds of settlements in New Spain, what are they? | Pueblos, Missions, and Presidios - military bases |
| What was El Camino Real? | a network of roads from Mexico City to Santa Fe |
| Who discovered the coast of present day Florida? | Ponce De Leon |
| Leon searched Florida for what? | mythical fountain of youth |
| Who fought for better treatment of Native Americans? | Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca |
| What was the encomienda system? | Gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or make them work. In exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect the Native Americans and convert them to Christianity. |
| What are plantations? | large farms that grew just one kind of crop |
| What advantages did the Spanish have over Native Americans? | immunity to diseases and superior weaponry |