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| Question | Answer |
| The most devastating pandemics in human history | The Black Plague |
| Period in Italy marked by a sudden explosion in the arts and culture | Renaissance |
| Movement of Christians away from the Catholic Church to a new form of Christianity | Protestant Reformation |
| Belief that each person is valuable or important for their own sake | Individualism |
| Celebrating the self and all that makes us human | Humanism |
| Belonging to this world living here and now | Secularism |
| During the Middle Ages people began to search for new answers and ask new questions | Skepticism |
| Ruled in the Republic of Florence during the late 14th century | Medici |
| A city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state | City State |
| Used moveable metal letters this method of printing can be credited for a revolution in the production of books | Printing Press |
| Writer of The Prince who believed immoral acts are justified if they serve the interest of the state | Machiavelli |
| Period when the Renaissance thrives and reaches new grandeur in Rome | High Renaissance |
| Students and scholars of Northern Europe visit Italy are influenced by Renaissance culture allowing it to spread | Northern Renaissance |
| Best known Christian humanist who believed that Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis | Erasmus |
| Humanist whose book Utopia was about a nearly perfect society based on reason and mercy | More |
| Inventor of the printing press | Johannes Gutenberg |
| Practice of the Catholic Church accepting money in exchange for absolution from sins | Indulgences |
| Monk in the Catholic Church who wrote the Ninety Five Theses who believed that humans were not saved by their good works but by their faith in God | Martin Luther |
| Written by Martin Luther it attacked Catholic Church practices and was nailed to the door of Wittenberg Castle | Ninety Five Theses |
| Luther's religious movement becomes a revolution and he begins setting up new religious services to replace the Catholic mass | Lutheranism |
| Gathering of the Imperial Diet in Germany where Martin Luther and his Protestant ideals went on trial | Diet of Worms |
| Protestant reformer who believed that the elect will be saved from sin and hoped for a theocratic form of government | John Calvin |
| God has determined in advance who will be saved and who will be damned | Predestination |
| A group of institutions within the judicial system of the Roman Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy | The Inquisition |
| Meeting that began in 1545 where a group of cardinals archbishops bishops abbots and theologians met to focus on revitalizing the Catholic Church | Council of Trent |
| Term Protestant historians use when referring to the reforms of the Catholic Church during the Reformation | Counter Reformation |
| Term Catholic historians use when referring to the sincere desire of popes to end church corruption during the Reformation | Catholic Reformation |
| He studied the movement of planets for 30 years and concluded that the sun was the center of the universe | Copernicus |
| He proposed the laws of planetary motion that stated that planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits | Kepler |
| He discovered the law of the pendulum studied laws motion and successfully built a telescope that could study the heavens | Galileo |