| Question | Answer |
| Democritus in ancient Greece | Who first 'discovered' the atom and when?
|
Indivisible | What does the term 'atom' mean?
| solid, indivisible, various shapes and colors, tiny hooks to connect to one another | How did Democritus describe the first atom?
| The law of definite proportions | John Dalton came up with which law?
| Atoms combine is specific and definite ratios (by mass) to form compounds and molecules | What does the law of definite proportions state?
| The Electron | What did JJ Thompson discover?
| Cathode Ray tube experiment | How did Thompson find the electron?
| When a charge was applied to a vapor in a vacuum, the path of the vapor was altered. Showed repulsion to a negative charge and attraction to a positive charge meaning the vapor was negative. (Opposites attract; like charges repel) | What evidence did the cathode ray tube experiment provide?
| The plum pudding model | What did Thompson name his atomic model?
| A solid sphere of positive material with small negative corpuscles (pockets)randomly spread throughout. (Think raisins in oatmeal) | How did Thompson describe the atom?
| 1897 | When did Thompson discover the electron?
| The nucleus in 1911 | What did Ernest Rutherford discover and when?
| Gold Foil Experiment | What experiment did Rutherford perform?
| Alpha particles mostly passed through the foil when shot at it, showing the atom was mostly empty space. The positive particles were SOMETIMES deflected or blocked, showing a small, dense, positive part of the atom. | What evidence did the gold foil experiment provide?
| the nuclear model | What is Rutherford's atomic model called?
| small dense positive center with electrons spread randomly around the outside with lots of open space. | What does Rutherford's model look like?
| The neutron in 1913 | What did James Chadwick discover and when?
| Marie Curie | Whose experiment did Chadwick use to make his discovery?
| When an atom was hit with alpha particles, a different particle was ejected. This particle was relatively heavy and did not respond to an applied charge, meaning it was neutral. | What evidence did Chadwick cite
| Just like the nuclear model, only with neutrons in the nucleus. | What did Chadwick's model look like?
| The Chadwick model (clever, I know.) | What was Chadwick's model called?
| Energy levels (orbitals) in 1913. | What did Neils Bohr discover and when?
| Specific colors of light were emitted from an atom when it was given certain amounts of energy and then allowed to 'relax'. | What evidence supported Bohr's model?
| The planetary model or the Bohr model. | What was Bohr's model called?
| Similar to the nuclear model, just with the electrons on 'rings' around the nucleus. | What did Bohr's model look like?
| Heisenberg used a lot of math to say that the EXACT location of an electron can never be determined because they move too fast and can change energy levels (Heisenberg uncertainty principle). Schrodinger developed an equation to predict the MOST LIKELY location a specific electron at a given time by treating it like a wave. He is the father of quantum mechanics and the quantum model. | What did Heisenberg and Schrodinger contribute to the atomic model?
| small, dense, positive nucleus surrounded by an electron cloud. | What does the quantum model of the atom look like?
| The standard model | What is the name of the model currently accepted?
| Uses the quantum model but breaks down the protons, neutrons, and electrons into smaller particles called quarks. | How does the standard model describe the atom?
| experiments performed at the large hadron collider (where atoms are smashed together like cars on a race track) show what's inside an atom by looking at what comes out when the atoms are broken apart | What evidence do scientists have to support the standard model? |
