| Question | Answer |
| Collectivisation entailed merging small farms into large, mechanised farms where work and resources could be shared, leading to greater efficiency | 1
|
Collectivisation was an attempt to solve the Grain Procurement Crisis and therefore went hand in hand with the persecution of Kulaks (rich farmers) who Stalin suspected of hoarding grain. | 2
| Rationing was introduced in cities as an emergency measure in 1928 | 3
| In 1929 compulsory collectivisation was introduced, Kulaks were rounded up and exiled by the Red Army and the secret police. | 4
| In 1929 27,000 volunteers were sent to the countryside to assist in dekulakisation | 5
| In 1930 Stalin halted compulsory collectivisation, blaming chaos in the countryside on Party members being 'dizzy with success'. Farmers returned to their own farms. | 6
| In 1931 collectivisation began again at a slower pace. | 7
| In 1941 all farms in Russia were collectivised. | 8
| Famine broke out in 1932. Dekulakisation removed the most successful peasants from farms. | 9
| Forced collectivisation led to the destruction of grain and livestock. Between 1929 and 1933, 18 million horses and 10 million sheep and goats were destroyed by peasants in protest against collectivisation. This led to famine. | 10
| The government set unrealistic targets for the new collective farms. Farms that failed to meet their target had all their grain confiscated. | 11
| Although less grain was produced, more was exported to raise money for industrialisation': exports rose from 0.03 million tonnes in 1928 to 5 million tonnes in 1931. | 12
| Between 1932 and 1934 famine caused the death of more than 10 million people. The Ukraine was especially hard hit as Stalin refused to allow any grain into the region to alleviate the famine. | 13
| Dekulaksation led to the exile of 10 million peasants. In some areas, as many as 10% of peasants in a single village were exiled. | 14
| The harvest of 1933 was 10 million tonnes less than that of 1926. | 15
| By 1932, machine tractor stations had supplied 75,000 tractors to collective farms, which made up for the decline in the number of horses. | 16
| The standard of living of the working class fell sharply: bread was rationed and by 1932 the amount of protein consumed by workers had fallen by 66%. | 17
| Famine in the countryside led to increasing urbanisation: the population of some cities trebled between 1930 and 1940. | 18
| In terms of Stalin's personal ambition, the policy was a success. More grain was procured, more grain was exported, Russia was urbanised and Stalin's authority reached new heights. | 19 |
