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Question | Answer |
Sclera | the "white" of the eye made up of dense connective tissue that covers all of the eye except the cornea |
Lens | a transparent structure that focuses light rays onto the retina |
Optic Disc | blind spot |
Pupil | the hole in the center of the iris through which light enters the eye |
Antioxidants | Vitamins C, E, and Beta Carotene inactivate oxygen free radicals |
Water Soluble | types of vitamins dissolved in body fluids. included B and C |
Cones | photoreceptors that help you see colors |
Hyperopia | also known as farsightedness |
Cochlea | a winding, cone-shaped tube forming a portion of the inner ear and containing the spiral organ (organ of Corti) |
Retina | the inner coat of the eye. Contains photoreceptors |
Astigmatism | an irregularity of the lens or cornea of the eye causing the image to be out of focus and producing faulty vision |
Conjunctiva | epithelial layer that covers the sclera but not the cornea |
Pinna (Auricle) | the outside of the ear, you can pierce it with earrings |
Long Bone | these bones are longer than they are wide |
Flat Bone | thin, flattened and usually curved bones |
Compact Bone | the dense harder part of your bone |
Skull | this structure is formed by the cranium and facial bones |
Osteoblasts | bone-forming cells |
Papillae | peg-like structures house the taste buds |
Special Senses | they include smell, taste, vision, hearing and balance |
Saccule | inferior and smaller of the two chambers in the membranous labyrinth inside the vestibule of the internal ear containing a receptor organ for static equilibrium |
Rhodopsin | a red photopigment in the retinal rods of vertebrates; dissociates into retinene by light |
Cerumen | wax-like secretion produced by ceruminous glands in the the external auditory meatus (ear canal) |
Eyeball | the common name for the eye, it houses all structures for sight |
Eyelids | protect the eyes from harm and keeps them moist when blinking |
Auditory Ossicles | three small bones in the ear. they vibrate to interpret sound from the eardrum to the cochlea |
Rods | specialized cells help you see shades of gray, light and movement |
Myopia | also known as nearsightedness. You can only see things that are close to you |
Olfactory nerves | a bipolar neuron with its cell body lying between supporting cells located in the mucous membrane lining the superior portion of each nasal cavity; transduces odors into neural signals |
Taste buds | structures that help taste substances and are made up of gustatory receptor cells, supporting cells, and basal cells |
Eyebrows | protect the eye from sweat, dust, and debris |
eyelashes | protect the eye from sweat, dust, and debris |
Lacrimal apparatus | Also known as lacrimal ducts. a group of structures that produce and carry tears |
Outer ear | part of the ear that collects sound waves and passes them inward to deeper parts of the ear |
Middle ear | a small, air-filled cavity between the ear and the inner ear |
inner ear | it is divided into the outer bony labyrinth and inner membranous labyrinth |
Cornea | the transparent fibrous coat located in the front part of the eye that covers the iris |
Spongy Bone | bone made out of small needle-like pieces with lots of open space |
Osteoclasts | bone-destroying cells |
Short bone | cube shaped, typically spongy bones |
Irregular Bone | bones that do not have a typical shape |
Skeletal System | system that includes the bones, joints, cartilages and ligaments |
nutrients | chemical substances in food that body cells use for growth, maintenance and repair |
vitamins | organic nutrients required in small amounts to maintain growth and normal metabolism |
minerals | inorganic elements that constitute about 4% of the total body weight. Mostly in the skeleton. |
pro-vitamins | raw materials the body uses to assemble some vitamins |
fat-soluble vitamins | vitamins A,D,E & K. Stored mostly in the liver |
water-soluble vitamins | types of vitamins dissolved in body fluids. Included B and C. |
metabolism | refers to all the chemical reactions in the body |
anabolism | chemical reactions that combine small molecules to form bigger more complex ones |
catabolism | chemical reactions that break down large complex molecules |
cellular respiration | the catabolism of glucose to produce ATP |
glycolysis | reactions in the cytosol that convert a 6 carbon glucose into 2 tree carbon pyruvic acid molecules |
Krebs cycle | a series of reactions that yield a high amount of ATP |
glycogen | a chain made of many molecules of glucose |
gluconeogenesis | a series of reactions that form glucose from non carbohydrate sources |
lipolysis | a process that splits triglicerides into glycerol and fatty acids |
antioxidant vitamins | Vitamins C, E, and Beta Carotene inactivate oxygen free radicals |
lipoproteins | spherical particles with an outer shell of proteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol molecules |
chylomicrons | form in absorptive epithelial cells of the small intestine and transport dietary lipids to adipose tissues for storage |
VLDLs | transport triglycerides made in liver cells to adipose cells for storage |
LDLs | Known as "bad cholesterol". Can clog arteries |
HDLs | Known as "good cholesterol", it prevents the accumulation of cholesterol in the blood |
essential amino acids | 10 of these amino acids must be present in your diet because your body can't synthesize them |
nonessential amino acids | these amino acids can be synthesized by the body |
heat | a form of energy that can be measured as temperature and expressed in units called calories |
temperature | a measurement for how much heat is emitted |
calorie | this unit is used to measure the body's metabolic rate and to express the energy content of foods |
basal metabolic rate | the rate at which heat is produced, usually measured in a quiet, resting, and fasting condition |
shivering | a repetitive cycle that greatly increases the rate of heat production |
fat soluble | Vitamins A, D, E, and K. Stored mostly in the liver |