| Question | Answer |
| Sclera | the "white" of the eye made up of dense connective tissue that covers all of the eye except the cornea
|
Lens | a transparent structure that focuses light rays onto the retina
| Optic Disc | blind spot
| Pupil | the hole in the center of the iris through which light enters the eye
| Antioxidants | Vitamins C, E, and Beta Carotene inactivate oxygen free radicals
| Water Soluble | types of vitamins dissolved in body fluids. included B and C
| Cones | photoreceptors that help you see colors
| Hyperopia | also known as farsightedness
| Cochlea | a winding, cone-shaped tube forming a portion of the inner ear and containing the spiral organ (organ of Corti)
| Retina | the inner coat of the eye. Contains photoreceptors
| Astigmatism | an irregularity of the lens or cornea of the eye causing the image to be out of focus and producing faulty vision
| Conjunctiva | epithelial layer that covers the sclera but not the cornea
| Pinna (Auricle) | the outside of the ear, you can pierce it with earrings
| Long Bone | these bones are longer than they are wide
| Flat Bone | thin, flattened and usually curved bones
| Compact Bone | the dense harder part of your bone
| Skull | this structure is formed by the cranium and facial bones
| Osteoblasts | bone-forming cells
| Papillae | peg-like structures house the taste buds
| Special Senses | they include smell, taste, vision, hearing and balance
| Saccule | inferior and smaller of the two chambers in the membranous labyrinth inside the vestibule of the internal ear containing a receptor organ for static equilibrium
| Rhodopsin | a red photopigment in the retinal rods of vertebrates; dissociates into retinene by light
| Cerumen | wax-like secretion produced by ceruminous glands in the the external auditory meatus (ear canal)
| Eyeball | the common name for the eye, it houses all structures for sight
| Eyelids | protect the eyes from harm and keeps them moist when blinking
| Auditory Ossicles | three small bones in the ear. they vibrate to interpret sound from the eardrum to the cochlea
| Rods | specialized cells help you see shades of gray, light and movement
| Myopia | also known as nearsightedness. You can only see things that are close to you
| Olfactory nerves | a bipolar neuron with its cell body lying between supporting cells located in the mucous membrane lining the superior portion of each nasal cavity; transduces odors into neural signals
| Taste buds | structures that help taste substances and are made up of gustatory receptor cells, supporting cells, and basal cells
| Eyebrows | protect the eye from sweat, dust, and debris
| eyelashes | protect the eye from sweat, dust, and debris
| Lacrimal apparatus | Also known as lacrimal ducts. a group of structures that produce and carry tears
| Outer ear | part of the ear that collects sound waves and passes them inward to deeper parts of the ear
| Middle ear | a small, air-filled cavity between the ear and the inner ear
| inner ear | it is divided into the outer bony labyrinth and inner membranous labyrinth
| Cornea | the transparent fibrous coat located in the front part of the eye that covers the iris
| Spongy Bone | bone made out of small needle-like pieces with lots of open space
| Osteoclasts | bone-destroying cells
| Short bone | cube shaped, typically spongy bones
| Irregular Bone | bones that do not have a typical shape
| Skeletal System | system that includes the bones, joints, cartilages and ligaments
| nutrients | chemical substances in food that body cells use for growth, maintenance and repair
| vitamins | organic nutrients required in small amounts to maintain growth and normal metabolism
| minerals | inorganic elements that constitute about 4% of the total body weight. Mostly in the skeleton.
| pro-vitamins | raw materials the body uses to assemble some vitamins
| fat-soluble vitamins | vitamins A,D,E & K. Stored mostly in the liver
| water-soluble vitamins | types of vitamins dissolved in body fluids. Included B and C.
| metabolism | refers to all the chemical reactions in the body
| anabolism | chemical reactions that combine small molecules to form bigger more complex ones
| catabolism | chemical reactions that break down large complex molecules
| cellular respiration | the catabolism of glucose to produce ATP
| glycolysis | reactions in the cytosol that convert a 6 carbon glucose into 2 tree carbon pyruvic acid molecules
| Krebs cycle | a series of reactions that yield a high amount of ATP
| glycogen | a chain made of many molecules of glucose
| gluconeogenesis | a series of reactions that form glucose from non carbohydrate sources
| lipolysis | a process that splits triglicerides into glycerol and fatty acids
| antioxidant vitamins | Vitamins C, E, and Beta Carotene inactivate oxygen free radicals
| lipoproteins | spherical particles with an outer shell of proteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol molecules
| chylomicrons | form in absorptive epithelial cells of the small intestine and transport dietary lipids to adipose tissues for storage
| VLDLs | transport triglycerides made in liver cells to adipose cells for storage
| LDLs | Known as "bad cholesterol". Can clog arteries
| HDLs | Known as "good cholesterol", it prevents the accumulation of cholesterol in the blood
| essential amino acids | 10 of these amino acids must be present in your diet because your body can't synthesize them
| nonessential amino acids | these amino acids can be synthesized by the body
| heat | a form of energy that can be measured as temperature and expressed in units called calories
| temperature | a measurement for how much heat is emitted
| calorie | this unit is used to measure the body's metabolic rate and to express the energy content of foods
| basal metabolic rate | the rate at which heat is produced, usually measured in a quiet, resting, and fasting condition
| shivering | a repetitive cycle that greatly increases the rate of heat production
| fat soluble | Vitamins A, D, E, and K. Stored mostly in the liver |
