| Question | Answer |
| Q1) What type of policy did diplomat George Kennan recommend the USA adopt towards the Soviet government? | A: ‘Containment’
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Q2) TRUE OR FALSE: President Harry S. Truman believed that the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin was a fanatic and that communism was a direct, real threat that must be stopped. | A: TRUE
| Q3) What did the Truman Doctrine (1947) promise the USA would give to any country that wanted to resist communism? | A: Financial Support
| Q4) Who was the Marshall Plan (1947) named after? How was the Marshall Plan expected to make communism unattractive to workers? How much money did the Marshall Plan spend on rebuilding Western Europe? (All 3 parts need to be correct for point). | A: General George Marshall, The belief was that communism would not be attractive to workers if they had good jobs and were well paid in a democratic country, and US$13 billion.
| Q5) What does NATO stand for? What year was it created? What was it? | A: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) an alliance formed in 1949 between the United States and various European states for the purpose of collective defence against common enemies.
| Q6) After Germany’s defeat in 1945, the Allies divided Germany and its capital of Berlin into how many zones? | A: four
| Q7) What did the Soviets do on 28 June 1948? What was the intention of this act? | A: On 28 June 1948, the Soviets blockaded West Berlin by closing the roads, canals and railways that linked the city with West Germany. This standoff was intended to push back the Allies and change their attitude concerning the rebuilding of Germany’s economy.
| Q8) Describe one significant outcome of the Berlin Blockade. | A: 5 possible options from textbook…- The Soviets had miscalculated. The United States was prepared to invest massive resources over Berlin, and therefore Europe. Relations between East and West deteriorated with no future cooperation foreseeable.- The United States was able to establish a strong military presence in Britain and West Germany.- Germany was permanently divided into two separate countries until 1989: the German Federal Republic (West Germany) formed from the western zones and including West Berlin; and the German Democratic Republic formed from East Germany and East Berlin.- The Berlin crisis led to the formation of NATO as a mutual protection pact involving the United States, Canada and most of the Western European countries in April 1949. This was precisely the outcome the Soviets had hoped to avoid.- In 1955, in response to West Germany’s application to join NATO, the Soviets formed the Warsaw Pact, which was an alliance of communist nations to counter NATO.
| Q9) What does CIA stand for? What was it? | A: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) the spy agency from the United States during the Cold War
| Q10) What was the KGB’s ‘Kiss of Death’? | A: a 4.5mm single-shot gun fired by twisting the bottom of a lipstick tube.
| Q11) In 1953 Nikita Khrushchev became leader of the USSR after the death of Stalin. How was his approach different from Stalin’s? | A: Khrushchev denounced Stalin’s violence, overturned many of Stalin’s oppressive policies and introduced ‘socialism with a human face’. His determination to fight against the United States led to reforms that modernised the Soviet Union and strong political actions in Berlin, Eastern Europe and Cuba.
| Q12) What was the name of the man who assassinated John F. Kennedy? | A: Lee Harvey Oswald
| Q13) What year was the Berlin Wall destroyed? Approximately how many people died trying to cross the Berlin Wall? (answer both parts) | A: Died crossing the wall – approximately 200 people Wall destroyed – 9 November 1989
| Q14) What was Checkpoint Charlie? Why was it an important Cold War symbol? | A: Only one border crossing was open for Westerners to enter East Berlin. It was called Checkpoint Charlie, and it became an important Cold War symbol – the place where East met West.
| Q15) Outline ONE of the three significant outcomes that the construction of the Berlin Wall led to. | A: 1 It transformed the Cold War and became the primary symbol of Cold War tensions. 2 Berlin became an issue of principle at the heart of each side’s Cold War stance. Both sides were determined never to lose power in Berlin. The wall was of strategic and ideological importance. 3 The Soviets began a 30-year policy called détente, where defined communist territory was tolerated by the United States. A period of uneasy calm descended on Europe, as both sides accepted that neither would change its views.
| Q16) Define the term ‘détente’ in relation to the Cold War. | A: the label given to the ‘thawing out period’ of the geo-political tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States.
| Q17) What were the three global initiatives that Roosevelt & Churchill envisioned for the postwar world? | A: The United Nations, The international Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank.
| Q18) Define ‘self-determination’ in relation to a country. | A: self-determination the right of a country to determine its own social, economic and political agendas.
| Q19) What date did the United Nations officially begin (full date required) | A: 24 October 1945.
| Q20) TRUE OF FALSE: Both Churchill and Roosevelt were present at the Potsdam Conference (17 Jul 1945 – 2 Aug 1945) | A: FALSE |
