| Question | Answer |
| Who were the first Europeans to make contact with North America? | Vikings
|
Vikings were skilled sailors and created a new style of ship, called what? | Longship
| Who was the son of Erik the Red? | Leif Eriksson
| Where did Eriksson and his crew land? | Labrador Peninsula
| In the early 1400s, who became a leader in world exploration? | Portugal
| Who was responsible for advances that made exploration successful? | Henry the Navigator
| What did Prince Henry build? | observatory and a navigation school
| What are the two reasons why Europeans wanted to explore the world? | Wanted asian spices and wanted to convert people to their faith
| What did triangular sails enable boats to do? | Sail into the wind
| What is an astrolobe? | a device that enabled navigators to learn their ship's location by charting the position of the stars
| Who led an expedition from Portugal southward along the African coast? | Bartolomeu Dias
| What was a major result of Portugal's exploration? | Atlantic slave trade
| Which sailor was from Genoa, Italy? | Christopher Columbus
| Who funded Columbus' expedition? | King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain
| What were Columbus' three ships? | Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria
| Columbus thought he landed in Asia, but where had he landed? | Bahamas
| A German mapmaker labeled the continents across the ocean America in honor of who? | Vespucci
| Who was killed in a battle with the native peoples of the Philippines? | Magellan
| What is to circumnavigate? | go all the way around the globe
| What were four items brought from Europe during the Columbian Exchange? | cattle, fruit, diseases, grains, horses, sugarcane
| Where were four items brought from the Americas during the Columbian Exchange? | cocoa, corn, potatoes, squash, tobacco, turkey
| Who were conquistadors? | soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas
| Why did Hernan Cortes left Cuba for Mexico? | heard of a wealthy land in the west
| Who ruled the Aztec Empire? | Moctezuma
| What led to the fall of the Aztec Empire? | Cortes seizing control of Tenochtitlan and diseases
| Francisco Pizarro wanted to take over which empire? | Inca
| The Spanish established three kinds of settlements in New Spain, what are they? | Pueblos, Missions, and Presidios - military bases
| What was El Camino Real? | a network of roads from Mexico City to Santa Fe
| Who discovered the coast of present day Florida? | Ponce De Leon
| Leon searched Florida for what? | mythical fountain of youth
| Who fought for better treatment of Native Americans? | Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca
| What was the encomienda system? | Gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or make them work. In exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect the Native Americans and convert them to Christianity.
| What are plantations? | large farms that grew just one kind of crop
| What advantages did the Spanish have over Native Americans? | immunity to diseases and superior weaponry |
