| Question | Answer |
| Portions of DNA that determine traits | Genes
|
Specific characteristics that vary from one individual to another | Traits
| The passing of traits to offspring | Heredity
| The different forms of a gene | Alleles
| Having the same structure features and pattern of genes | Homologous Chromosomes
| Cell division that produces four new haploid cells called gametes | Meiosis
| A specific band located on the chromosomes | LociWhen genes at the same loci have different alleles for the same characteristic | Scientific name for sperm and egg | Gametes
| Having half the number of chromosomes (23) as the parent cell | Haploid cells
| When homologous chromosomes cross over during replication and swap sections of DNA | Crossing Over
| When homologous chromosomes separate independently and randomly passed on to gametes | The Law of Independent Assortment
| The combination of alleles (ex: RR, Rr, BB, etc) | Genotype
| The physical expression on an organism | Phenotype
| Having the same allele at the same locus on both members of a pair of homologous chromosomes | Purebred
| The offspring of genetically dissimilar parents | Hybrid
| An allele that is expressed in an organism's phenotype | Dominant gene
| An allele that is present in the genotype, but not expressed in an organism | Recessive gene
| Having one dominant and one recessive allele (ex: Tt, Bb, Gg, etc) | Heterozygous
| Having the same alleles (ex: RR, tt, rr, BB, etc.) | Homozygous
| Having two of the same dominant alleles | Homozygous dominant
| Having two of the same recessive alleles | Homozygous recessive
| A model used to predict the probability of an offspring's traits | Punnett square
| This process occurs when the sperm penetrates the egg | Fertilization
| The name of the cell once fertilization occurs | Zygote
| The alleles that determine a male offspring | XY
| The alleles that determine a female offspring | XX |
