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QR Challenge: Intro to Genetics

QuestionAnswer
1.What is DNA?deoxyribonucleic acid - a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
2.What are genes?a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
3.What are chromosomes? a thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
4.Rewrite 1:4 as a percent25%
5.Write a sentence explaining the relationship between the words DNA, genes, and chromosomes.chromosomes contain genes which are made from DNA
6.Name three examples of genetic traits that you inherited from your parents.various
7.Name two traits that you acquire during your life.a physical characteristic that is not inherited but may be an effect of the environment or of a somatic mutation.
8.You have a 3 in 4 chance of inheriting a trait. Express this mathematically in 3 different ways.3/4 or 75% or 0.75.
9.How are traits passed from parent to their offspring?Fertilization of egg (haploid from mom haploid from dad = diploid child) - Meiosis
10.How many chromosomes do humans have?46 chromosomes and 23 chromosome pairs
11.Why is Gregor Mendel considered to be the “Father of Genetics”?through his work on pea plants, discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance? He deduced that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units, one from each parent
12.The diameter of the nucleus of a cell is approximately 1/100,000 of a meter. The diameter of Earth is 12,756,000 meters. Write each of these in scientific notation.1.00 X10 -5 and 1.28 X107.
13.What is the difference between a dominant trait and a recessive trait?A dominant trait (strong) is opposed to a recessive trait (weak) which is expressed only when two copies of the gene are present. (In genetic terms, a recessive trait is one that is phenotypically expressed only in homozygotes).
14.What is an example of a dominant human trait?Various answers: dark hair, brown eyes, free earlobe, dimples, etc.
15.What is an example of a recessive human trait?Various answers: light hair, blue eyes, attached earlobe, no dimples, etc.
16.Give an example of a genetic disease.Various answers: down syndrome, colour blindness, CF, sickle cell disease, etc.
17.What is the purpose of a Punnett square?The Punnett square is a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment.
18.If a tall plant (TT genotype) is crossed with a dwarf plant (tt genotype), what is the probability that the offspring plants would be tall?100%.
19.How many daughter cells are produced during meiosis?4.
20.What is an autosome?All 22 pairs of chromosomes that do not code for the sex of an organism
21.What is a homologous chromosome?a pair of chromosomes (1 from mom and 1 from dad) that code for the same genes (same-same, but different)
22.What is crossing over?During prophase 1, homologous pairs form a tetrad and genetic information is swapped amongst pairs
23.What are the phases of Meiosis?Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Cytokinesis, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II, Cytokinesis
24.What is oogenesis?Production of female gametes (eggs/ova)
25.What is the purpose of a pedigree?Family history of disease

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