| Question | Answer |
| Define mercantilism. | Policy used by Great Britain toward the colonies. Idea that a country wants to sell (export) more than it buys (imports)
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What was salutary neglect? | Where Britain looked the other way and didn't enforce the laws it had in place for the colonies.
| Explain the Triangular Trade Route. | Trade routes between America, Europe and Africa.
| Why did people settle in the colonies? | Religious freedom, make money, get land
| What was the Quartering Act and why did it upset colonists? | Forced colonists to house British soldiers, felt that their rights were violated
| Why did Britain increase taxes on the colonies? | To help pay for the French and Indian War.
| What were some of the taxes imposed on the colonies? | Stamp Act, Townshend Act, Tea Act
| Why were the colonists upset about taxes? | They said no taxation without representation.
| Why did the Proclamation of 1763 upset colonists? | It said they couldn't move west of the Appalachian Mountains.
| What was the Boston Massacre? | British soldiers fired on colonists and killed some of them.
| What was the Boston Tea Party and how did it lead to the Intolerable Acts? | Colonists dumped tea overboard to protest the Tea Act. Because of this Britain closed Boston and sent in troops to occupy the city.
| How did the Enlightenment influence US government? | Locke had the ideas of life, liberty and property. Montesquieu had the idea of separation of powers. Voltaire believed in natural rights.
| What are the fundamental principles in the Declaration of Independence? | inalienable rights (all people have rights), social contract theory (government gets its power from the people), rule of law (even the government must follow the law)
| What were some of the weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation? | one branch of government, Congress couldn't tax, couldn't raise an army, couldn't make the states get along, couldn't coin money
| How were the problems in the Articles fixed in the Constitution? | 3 branches of government instead of 1, Congress given power to tax, Congress given power to raise army and declare war, Congress given power to coin money
| What were the arguments between the Federalists and Anti-federalists? | Over the power of government and the ratification of the Constitution. Federalists supported a strong national government. Anti-federalists wanted to keep power for the states. Agreed to add a Bill of Rights to end some of the controversy.
| According to the Preamble, what is the purpose of the US Constitution? | establish justice, promote general welfare, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense.
| Define popular sovereignty. | Idea that power comes from the people/consent of the governed
| Define republicanism. | Idea that representatives are chosen by the people to make governmental decisions.
| Define federalism. | Power is shared between the national government and state governments.
| What is separation of powers? | Idea that power is separated by created 3 branches of government.
| What are checks and balances? | Idea that each branch can check on and limit the power of the other two branches.
| Explain the concept of limited government. | Idea that the power of government is limited so that it can't become too powerful and take away people's rights.
| What are individual rights? | Rights that all people have naturally. Examples include life and liberty.
| How is the Constitution a living document? | It is interpreted differently as our society changes and amendments can be added as needed.
| What is the process to add an amendment to the Constitution? | It is proposed by Congress or state conventions. After proposal it must be ratified by the states.
| What are some important amendments that impact our lives? | 1st amendment (freedom of speech and religion), 4th amendment (protection of property and privacy), 6th amendment (right to a lawyer), 7th amendment (right to trial by jury), 8th amendment (no cruel or unusual punishment), 13th amendment (ended slavery), 14th amendment (equal protection under the law), 15th amendment (can't deny vote based on race), 16th amendment (income taxes), 19th amendment (women can vote)
| What are three fundamental principles found within the Bill of Rights? | individual rights, property rights, equal justice under the law, right to due process, federalism |
