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World War One
Splits over entry in 1915. Salandra v Giolitti
Poor military performance. Caporetto 1917. 600,00 in total died in war
Mutilated Victory. Treaty of St Germain v Treaty of London
North-South Divide
Was Italy one united nation?
Most of industry, modern agriculture (Po Valley) & railways in North
South was agricultural (latifundios), with high illiteracy, little industry or railways
Trasformismo
Bribery, corruption & instability of Trasformismo
Limited franchise (doubled by Giolitti 1912) & rule by liberal elite
29 PMs 1870-1922
New Political Forces
Socialists gaining ground before WW1
Orlando introduced universal male suffrage 1918. Age of mass politics
1919 election Socialists & Popolari biggest parties (Fascists 0 seats)
WW1 main factor in collapse of Liberal State