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Mussolini
He dominated Fascism. 'il Popolo d'Italia'
Cult of 'il Duce'
His twin use of violence & respecatility. Offered strong leadership.
Key ideas/actions of Fascism
It opposed Liberal State, Socialism. It was nationalistic, promised stability
Role of RAS/Squadristi (v Socialists)
Willingness to use threat of force. March on Rome/Matteotti murder
Failures of Political Opponents
Errors of liberal politicians. Giolitti (1921 Party List), Facta (March on Rome)
Failure of opponents to form viable coalition to block Fascism
Failures of Socialists & Popolari. Divisions, lack of leadership.
Support of Elite
King appointed M in Oct 1922
Early support of Catholic Church (withdrew support for Popolari)
Elites were concerned by Socialist threat
Growth in Fascism 1919-25 due to Mussolini?