Industry- By 1827 economy had returned to pre-war production
Industry- 15th Party Congress Stalin calls for USSR to catch and overtake West in industrial production
Industry- Gosplan + Vesenkha devise schemes to develop the economy.
1FYP- Begins October 1928
1FYP- Concentrates on heavy industry- production to increase by 300% and electricity 600%- however mostly unreliable reports
1FYP- Stalin approves 1FYP in 1930
1FYP- Many new factories + mines in places which had no developments before 1928
1FYP- Fear of international situation- push forward 100 years in ten
Crisis year: 1932-33- Make part of 1FYP
Crisis in 1932- Implementation costs of First Plan higher than Gosplan allowed
Crisis in 1932- Increases in production too much for railway system
Crisis in 1932- Housing shortages- threatened industrialisation
Crisis in 1932- Forced collectivisation- famine
Crisis in 1932- Many workers changed jobs- managers had to increase wages
2FYP in 1933- Intended to create a fully socialist economy
2FYP approved by 17th Party congress in 1934 was to increase production and living standards
Became self-sufficient in steel and machine-production during 2FYP
Stakhanovite- Part of reason for success of 2FYP was huge increase in labour productivity
Stakhanovite- Alexei Stakhanov August 1935 dug out 102 tonnes in one shift
Stakhanovite- Workers urged to follow Stakhanov’s example
Stakhanovite- Model workers received bonuses and material advantages- Heroes of Socialist Labour medals
Stakhanovite- Rationing abandoned 1935- worst effects of collectivisation over
Agriculture- State collections of grain 50% of what was expected in 1926
Agriculture- Kulaks taxed heavily and grain seized- however shortages in 1927 threatened industrialisation
Agriculture- 15th Party Congress 1927 introduces voluntary collectivisation
Agriculture- Co-operative farms ad mechanisation should increase output, Stalin argued
Agriculture- shortages in 1928 resulted in more seizures, bread shortages and civil unrest in rural areas
Agriculture- Dramatic increases in grain prices in 1928- introduction of rationing winter
Agriculture- December 1929- Stalin launches forced collectivisation- kulaks liquidated as a class
Kulaks- punishment of peasants who failed to meet quota of grain procurement- in all 16 million tonnes of 30% of harvest taken
Kulaks- identified as owning two horses and four cows, though usually went beyond
Mass collectivisation 1930-37
Collectivisation- First persuasion, then violence used for kulaks to collectivise farms- execution or deportation
Collectivisation- Richer peasants often destroyed livestock + produce rather than turn them in- causing further famines
Collectivisation- Process provokes serious resistance- Stalin backs off but then resumes in earnest winter 1930
Collectivisation- By 1937 90% peasant households collectivised, many wrongly identified as kulaks
Collectivisation- Great upheaval + confusion- famine 1932-33.
Collectivisation- Ukraine deliberate famine due to independence movement + failing to meet quotas
Collectivisation- 15 million shot or deported + worst famine in Russia’s history
Collectivisation- High state grain procurements
