Failure of Russo-Japanese War
Trans-Siberian railway - unfinished!
Accidental conflict with Britain
Political assassinations - eg Plehve (MInister of the Interior)
Leo Tolstoy -'open letter to the Tsar'
Assassination of Grand Duke Sergei
General strikes in St Petersburg and Moscow
Soviets - workers' councils in the cities
Growth of radicalism because protest and criticism was not allowed
Growth of the intelligentsia who wanted change
High taxation caused poverty for peasants with little benefit - taxation was to pay for industrialisation
By October, all groups had joined protest: peasants, proletariat and middle classes