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QR Challenge: IB BIOLOGY FALL FINAL REVIEW

QuestionAnswer
If a mitochondrion has a length of 5 µm and a student’s drawing of the mitochondrion is 10 mm, what is the magnification of the drawing?x2000
What does the size of the standard deviation indicate about data?How widely the data are spread above and below the mean
What property of water makes it a good evaporative coolant?high heat of vaporization
Which bases are connected to its complementary base in a base pair by three hydrogen bonds?A and T
Describe the tertiary structure of proteins.interactions from R groups
What is the function of cellulose in plants?cell wall
What route is used to export proteins from the cell?Rough endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi apparatus → plasma membrane
What is a difference between cohesion and adhesion?c:water to water a:water to other substances
Compare osmosis and diffusionboth passive; d: particles o:water
What property of water makes it good for transporting material around a living organism?solvent
What type of ribosomes are found in prokayotes?80S
What organelle is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?ribosomes
What enzyme breaks hydrogen bonds in DNA replication?helicase
What enzyme links Okazaki fragments?ligase
If there is 20% adenine in a DNA sample, how much cytosine would you expect?30%
What is denaturation?permanent change in the shape of a protein
What are Okazaki fragments?sections of DNA created on lagging strand
What is the nucleosome?DNA plus histones
What is a competitive inhibitor?block active site; same shape as substrate
What is the reaction called when a disaccharide is created from 2 monosaccharides?Condensation
What is exocytosis?removal of material from a cell using vesicles
What is the first part of a newly created strand called?RNA primer
What type of transport moves material against the concentration gradient with the use of energy?active transport
What is the indicator of proteins?Biuret
In what direction is a new strand of DNA made?5-3
What type of substances does water dissolve?polar and ionic
What factor affects the rate of diffusion?temperature
What process do prokaryotes use to divide?binary fission
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?nucleotides
What are the building blocks of proteins?amino acids
What statistical test shows the difference between means of 2 different groups?ttest
What is the charge of oxygen in a polar water molecule?negative
How do enzymes speed up a chemical reaction?lower activation energy
What enzyme elongates the new DNA strand?DNA polymerase III
What type of bond exists between amino acids?peptide
What type of bond exists between monosaccharides?glycosidic linkage
What type of bond exists between glycerol and fatty acids?ester
What type of bond exists between nuecleotides?phosphodiester
What type of bond exists between the 3 parts of a nucleotide?covalent
The type of transport that requires a protein channel but no energyfacilitated diffusion
Term used to describe the replication of DNAsemiconservative
Results from unequal sharing of electronspolarity
What is essential for diffusion?concentration gradient
If a cell has a diameter of 10um and a student shows it with a diameter of 50mm, what is the magnification of the drawing?x5000
In DNA, the 3' and 5" refer to_____carbon position
Describe the structure of a phospholipid.hydrophobic tail (Fatty acid), hydrophilic head (phosphate group)
If a potato is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen?shrink
What is the purpose of cholesterol in a plasma membrane?stabilize fluidity
What is the term used to describe the shortest distance between 2 points that can be distinguished?resolution
How can cells in multicellular organisms differentiate?express some but not all genes
Model describing how proteins coated the surface of the cell membraneDavson-Danielli
Name of the current model of cell membraneSinger-Nicholson
The term used to describe what happens when a cell is place in a hypotonic solution?Lysis
What type of active transport moves 2 substances at the same time in opposite directions, ex. Na/K pumpantiport
What type of molecules can diffuse easiest through the cell membrane?small, hydrophobic
A cell has cytoplasm, naked DNA and ribosomes, what type of cell is it?prokaryote
Calculate the standard deviation of: 45, 38, 52, 48, 25, 39, 51, 46, 55, 46 8.7
What is a series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell?metabolism
Describe anabolismsynthesis, water produced, enyzmes required
Describe a saturated fatty acidsolid, single bonds, solid at room temp
Compare the thermal properties of methane and waterWater=polar, higherWha density, specific heat, heat of vaporization, melting point and boiling point
Why is solid water being less dense that liquid water important to living organisms?aquatic animals can survive in cold environments
Compare amylose and amylopectin.both 1-4 link, amylopectin branched at 1-6
Compare cis and trans fatty acids.cis (same side, usually liquid bc double bond causes bend) trans (opp side, usually solid, tightly pack bc linear)
Compare lipids and carbohydrates for energy storagecarbs: quick, take up more mass bc stored with water, less energy/gram compared to lipids
How is BMI calculated?mass in kg/height in meters squared then compared to standard chart
How is maltose made?glucose + glucose
Identify functions of lipidsmembranes, insulation, store energy, waterproofing, hormones, protection
What is a four ring lipid structure known as?steroid
What is the central dogma of genetics?DNA to RNA to polypeptide
If a polypeptide contains 25 amino acids how many different polypeptides could be created?20 to the 25th power
Compare fibrous and globular proteinsF: long, narrow, mostly functions in structure, insoluble G: round, spherical, mostly function as enzymes, soluble
What affects the proteome besides the genome?environment, nutrition, temperature, activity levels
Why does water need to be present for enzymatic reactions?particles dissolved in water move in random motion that allow enzyme/substrate to come in contact with one another
How is lactose free milk made?lactase from yeast bound to alginate beads, milk passed over beads, lactose broken down into glucose and galactose
What are 3 advantages commercially to lactose free milk?increases sweetness, less crystallization when used in ice cream, lower production time in cheese and yogurts
What indicator is used for simple sugars?Benedicts solution

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