Jerusalem never lost its importance for Christians.
The stability of the Near East had been lost by 1071.
Instability in the Near East posed threats to Christians by 1071.
The Byzantine Empire was vey weak by 1081.
Alexios I's tactics for defending the Empire created closer links with western Christians.
In 1095, Alexios I decided the time had come to drive the Seljuk Turks from Anatolia.
The fear of hell and purgatory shaped the lives of western Christians.
The Church reform movement increased piety.
Alexios I knew how to win western support
Urban II had several reasons for offering support to Alexios I.
Urban II knew exactly how best to win mass support for the Crusade.
Urban II wanted to take Church reform even further.
The Church was closely involved in the violence of society
Western lords and knights were famous for being powerful warriors.
The church reform movement developed the theology and use of Holy War.