Erasmus wrote The Praise of Folly in 1511 using humor to point out things that were wrong with society.
More wrote Utopia in 1516, a book about a perfect imaginary island where everyone was equal.
Gutenberg invented the printing press, which helped spread Renaissance ideas to the north.
The most popular book printed with Gutenberg's press was the Bible.
Northern Renaissance artists painted Christian subjects.
Northern Renaissance artists painted secular (non-religious subjects).
Italian city-states fought with each other over land.
Pope Julius II had his own army that he used to control neighbor city-states.
Large nation-states like France attacked smaller city-states in Italy.
French kings liked the art and ideas from Italy.
Machiavelli studied powerful people in Italy and wrote a "how-to" book for leaders called The Prince.
Machiavelli said that a ruler should have absolute (total) power and should do anything to get it.
Machiavelli said the "ends justify the means."
Machiavelli believed that you can do anything to get the right result, even if it seems cruel or wrong.
The Prince by Machiavelli was read by kings and princes all over Europe.
Gutenberg's movable type printing press could produce 300 pages per day, so many more books were available to people.
More people all over Europe became literate because of the printing press.
In "Utopia" Thomas More imagined a place where everyone has the same amount of wealth, the same houses, and no one fought.
Pope Julius II built himself three new palaces when he decided the pope's house wasn't nice enough.
Pope Julius II rebuilt things from ancient Rome, like roads, sewer systems, aqueducts.
The Praise of Folly by Erasmus became a best-seller.
The Northern Renaissance was all about making society better using Christian values, art, and education.
Northern Renaissance thinkers criticized wealthy princes and church leaders.
