Patriarch- head of the Eastern Orthodox Church
Acropolis- temple in Greece
Julius- general who became emperor of Rome
hippodrome- arena in Constantinople
Confucius- philosopher who taught respect for elders, and jobs should go to those skilled at them
Alexander the Great- conquer who spread Hellenistic culture from Greece to Persia and Egypt
Silk Road- trade route from China to the west
Marc Antony- Roman Emperor
Arch and aqueduct- Roman architectural achievements
monsoons- season winds and rains common off the Indian Ocean
Eastern Orthodox Church- split from the Roman Catholic Church centered in Constantinople
Caste System- fixed social classes; you are what your parents are; Hinduism
Sparta- Greek city-state where fighting was prized
Hagia Sophia- Amazing church in Constantinople
Pope- leader of the Roman Catholic Church
Mandate of Heaven- God said my family would rule China
Augustus- Great Roman Emperor
Zeus- chief god of Greek religion
Legions- fighting forces organized into these groups; started in Greece and Rome
Han- one of the Chinese dynasties; lowered taxes and went to Confucianism rather than Legalism; expanded the empire
Constantine- Byzantine emperor who renamed Constantinople as the capital of the empire
Trojan War- war with the Trojan horse between the Greeks and Trojans
Untouchables- lowest class in India
democracy- government by the people; they vote
Gobi- desert in northern China provides protection and isolation
Pax-Romana- Peace of Rome
Bosporus Strait- waterway between Mediterranean and Black Seas; Constantinople was built on it's shores
Buddha- founder of Buddhism; started in India but moved to China and southeastern Asia
Ying-Yang- Chinese concept that good is balanced with bad
reincarnation- belief that you will be reborn in another body; Hinduism and Buddhism
Justinian- Emperor who expanded the Byzantine Empire to its largest area and established a legal code
Athens- Greek city-state that valued the arts and learning
Hinduism- religion started in India that involved reincarnation, the caste system and karma
Yellow River- major river in China
Nile River- major river in Egypt
Ganges River- sacred river in India
Plato, Socrates, Aristotle- philosophers from ancient Greece who taught questioning to explore the world and using reason
Hammurabi's Code- first written legal code; Mesopotamia
Justinian's Code- Byzantine Empire's written legal code; based on Rome's; basis of today's Western governments
Twelve tables- Roman Empire's legal code, carved into copper tables
pyramids- stone tombs where pharaohs were buried
