A commodity is defined as a useful external object, produced for exchange on a market.
A society in which each person should contribute according to their ability and receive according to their need.
A theoretical framework that can be interpreted along gender lines
An adequate account of justice is necessary before they can address whether the just life is better than the unjust life
An intrinsically gendered notion is one that necessarily carries implications regarding gender.
Aristotle says that the courage of a man lies in commanding, a woman's lies in obeying
As long as a capitalist intends to stay in business he must exploit his workers to the legal limit
As long as human beings have not successfully arranged some form of government, they live in a state of nature
Because adults are equal capacity to threaten one another’s lives, there is no natural source of authority
By exploiting workers and taking the best job offers we reinforce the very structures that oppress us.
Capitalism involves the advancement of capital with the purpose of generating
Capitalism is unjust is based on the observation that all capitalist profit is ultimately derived from the exploitation of the worker.
Commodities have both use-value and an exchange-value, initially to be understood as their price.
Communism arises through historical processes, and is not the realization of a pre-determined moral ideal.
Communism becomes a possibility once workers become aware of alternatives and become revolutionaries.
Democracy comes about when the rich become too rich and the poor too poor.
Disentangles women philosophers, feminine philosophers and feminist philosophers
Each human has natural abilities and doing only the single job one is suited for satisfies the needs of all the citizens
Extrinsically gendered notion typically does carry implications concerning gender, but not necessarily so
Forms of society rise and fall as they further and then impede the development of human productive power
Gender cannot be removed without altering the theories themselves
Gender is a useful analytic category to apply to the history of philosophy.
He further argues that in the state of nature we each have a right to all things, “even to one another’s body’
Historical process through a series of modes of production, characterized by class struggle, culminating in communism
Human beings are essentially productive, in that they must produce their means of subsistence in order to satisfy their material needs.
Human beings who lack some shared authority are almost certain to fall into dangerous and deadly conflict.
Humans enter political life since each is not self-sufficient by nature.
In democracy most of the political offices are distributed by lot.
In democracy people will come to hold offices without having the necessary knowledge and everyone is treated as an equal in ability
In some situations, it makes good sense to use violence and to behave selfishly, fearfully or vaingloriously.
In tyranny, the freedom aimed at in the democracy becomes so extreme that any limitations on anyone’s freedom seem unfair
injustice produces internal disharmony which prevents effective actions
It is almost invariably true that every human being is capable of killing any other.
It is extremely unlikely that human beings will live in security and peaceful cooperation without government
Justice is a natural balance of the soul’s parts and injustice is an imbalance of the parts of the soul
Man is an essentially productive being and that the locus of interaction with the world is industry.
Material life ‘conditions’ social life, and so the social explanation from material production to social forms requires consciousness.
Matter and form are gendered notions in Aristotle
Oligarchy arises out of timocracy and it emphasizes wealth rather than honor
One is just when each of the three parts of the soul performs its function.
Opposes arguments that established monarchs have a natural or God-given right to rule over us.
People will be prepared to use violence to attain their ends, especially if there is no government or police to stop them.
Philosophers should rule the city since they are better able to know the truth
Philosophy has a self-image as male.
Political authority is artificial; the “natural” condition human beings lack government, which is an authority created by men.
Reason and objectivity, are gendered notions
Reason is associated with maleness
Revolution is understood as the consequence of an economic structure no longer able to continue to develop the forces of production.
Rulers are bound to make mistakes in assigning people jobs suited to their natural capacities, which will lead to class conflicts.
Seeks to destroy the alienating myth that philosophy was, and by implication is or ought to be, a male preserve.
The aim is to make the whole city, and not any particular class, as happy as possible
The cause of change in regime is lack of unity in the rulers
The just man is wise and good, and the unjust man is ignorant and bad
The labor theory of value asserts that the value of a commodity is determined by the quantity of socially necessary labor time required to produce it.
The only authority that naturally exists among human beings is that of a mother over her child
The primary goal of the democratic regime is freedom or license
The tyrannical individual comes out of the democratic individual when the latter’s unnecessary desires and pleasures become extreme
The tyrant comes about by presenting himself as a champion of the people against the class of the few people who are wealthy
The worker finds work a torment, suffers poverty, overwork and lack of fulfillment and freedom.
The worker must take the best job on offer; there is simply no other sane option.
Theory of communism comes from the urge to transcend our conditions as workers and to take collective control of our destiny.
Timocracy emphasizes the pursuit of honor rather than wisdom and justice
Tyranny arises out of democracy when the desire for freedom to do what one wants becomes extreme
virtue is excellence at a thing’s function and the just person lives a happier life than the unjust person
We are likely to use contracts where one party performs his part of the bargain later than the other.
We each have a right to judge what will ensure our self-preservation
We have a right to do whatever we think will ensure our self-preservation
We will challenge others and fight out of fear (“diffidence”), so as to ensure our personal safety.
We will compete, violently compete, to secure the basic necessities of life and perhaps to make other material gains.
We will seek reputation (“glory”), both for its own sake and for its protective effects
Western philosophical tradition as a whole, and argues that its core concepts are gendered male
Workers under capitalism suffer from alienated labor: the product, the productive activity, from species-being, and from other human beings.
