During renaissance era, these civilizations started to shift away from Monarchal authority.
Introduction of Black Death
Opening up to global trade caused the introduction of the Black Plague (black death) that drastically decreased the population and negatively effected the economy.
Global Interactions
Knowledge of the world beyond western Europe increased as Crusaders encountered both the Byzantine and Islamic cultures.
Guilds - Associations of crafts people or merchants come together to improve working conditions and services catered towards workers.
Interest in Chinese Goods
Europe grew eager for silk, tea, and rhubarb products, creating a stronger interest about Asia.
Bourgeoisie
Growth in commerce caused the development of a small middle class (aka Burghers).
Decreasing Temperatures: After the 1300s, The little Ice Age caused the temperatures to decrease causing a reduction in agricultural activity.
Labor
The need for labor on manors gave Serfs bargaining power with lords, giving them a leg up in the system.
Printing Press
The printing press brought about a new wave of advancements in literature production and the spread of ideas.
Revival
During the renaissance era, there was a revival of interest in classical Greek and Roman literature, art, and culture.
