Sciences in the Weimar Republic: 3D Gallery

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

Albert Einstein is known to be a genius of science as he had left a permanent change in how scientists of this genre would view modern sciences with his most famous accomplishment being the equation for finding Energy ( E=mc2).

Citations:

Kaku, Michio. “Albert Einstein.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 11 Nov. 2019, www.britannica.com/biography/Albert-Einstein.

Biographical. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2019. Thu. 14 Nov 2019, https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1921/einstein/biographical/

Carl jung (1875-1961)

His work was influenced by other subjects of this nature which he would use as a base or additional information to support his research. In his research, he found that the unusual or illogical answers from his patients were caused by "emotionally charged clusters of associations withheld from consciousness because of their disagreeable and immoral(to them)...content."

Sigmund Freud (1874-1939)

Sigmund Freud, the founder of the psychoanalytic theory, is was a successful psychoanalyst who aimed to solve mental disorders by finding the connection between conscious and unconscious elements of the mind under the basic idea that human behavior is caused by three elements of the mind. The id, ego, and superego. His findings inspired by Jacques Lacan later that century to create the Freudian School of Paris.

Citations:

Freud, Sigmund. “Sigmund Freud on Psychoanalysis.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 6 Nov. 2014, www.britannica.com/topic/Sigmund-Freud-on-psychoanalysis-1983319.

Mader, Mary Beth. “Luce Irigaray.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 16 June 2017, www.britannica.com/biography/Luce-Irigaray#ref662032.

Humboldt University of Berlin

Humboldt University of Berlin, formally known as Friedrich Wilhelm University named after Friedrich Wilhelm, is a university most known for its "impartial and nondogmatic spirit of intellectual inquiry, and its specialized scientific research institutes..." from 1810 to 1949. Humboldt University has educated famous scientists such as August Wilhelm Hofmann, the
physicist Hermann von Helmholtz, the mathematicians Ernst Eduard Kummer,
Leopold Kronecker, Karl Weierstrass, etc.

Citations:

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Humboldt University of Berlin.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 16 Dec. 2014, www.britannica.com/topic/Humboldt-University-of-Berlin.

“Humboldt University of Berlin.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Oct. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin.

Max Horkheimar (1895-1973)

Max Horkheimar studied philosophy in the Frankfurt School and moved on to the University of Frankfurt to get his PhD degree and was named director of the newly founded "Institute for Social Research" after completing university. His new theory called "critical theory" talked about how various forms of state capitalism manipulated workers and social control. This became important to the economy and drew attention to workers and even superiors.

Citations:

Wolin, Richard. “Max Horkheimer.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 3 July 2019, www.britannica.com/biography/Max-Horkheimer.

Theodor Adorno (1903-1969)

Theodor Adorno would receive his degree in philosophy in the year of 1924 at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt. With his degree, he would go on to teach from 1932-1934 at the University of Frankfurt but would eventually migrate to England to escape the Nazis persecution of Jews. After teaching for another 3 years in England, Theodor moved to the United States to continue his research and conclude that "rationalization of human society had ultimately led to Fascism and other totalitarian regimes that represented a complete negation of human freedom..." and "offers little hope for human emancipation, which might come instead from art and the prospects it offers for preserving individual autonomy and happiness".

Citations:

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 30 Oct. 2019, www.britannica.com/biography/Theodor-Wiesengrund-Adorno.

Herbert Marcuse(1898-1979)

Herbert attended the University of Freiburg in order to receive his doctoral degree in German Literature which was eventually achieved in the year of 1922. After working as a book seller in Berlin, he returned to Freiburg to continue his research under a man known as Martin Heidegger. Under his teachings, he created a habilitation thesis, the Theory of Historicity in 1932. After the Nazi party seized to power in 1933, he joined the "Frankfurt-based Institute for Social Research", eventually known as the Frankfurt School.

Citations:

Wolin, Richard. “Herbert Marcuse.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 31 Oct. 2019, www.britannica.com/biography/Herbert-Marcuse.

Karl Mannheim (1893-1947)

Karl Mannheim was a German sociologist who taught at the Universities of Heidelberg from 1926 to 1930 as well as at Frankfurt am Main between the years 1930 and 1933. Karl focused mostly on problems in modern society (during his time) and believed that social conflicts were caused by the diversity of beliefs and thoughts opposed to Karl Marx' "notion". The overall idea was that ideas and beliefs "are rooted in larger thought systems". This phenomenon was named "relationism" by Mannheim.

Find out more at:

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Karl-Mannheim

Citations:

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Karl Mannheim.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 23 Mar. 2019, www.britannica.com/biography/Karl-Mannheim.

Ophelia

Ophelia is a painting by British artist Sir John Everett Millais, completed between 1851 and 1852. It depicts Ophelia, a character from Hamlet, singing before she drowns in a river in Denmark. [more]

The Music Lesson

The Music Lesson or Lady at the Virginals with a Gentleman by Jan Vermeer, is a painting of young female pupil receiving the titular music lesson. [more]

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Sciences in the Weimar Republic

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

Carl jung (1875-1961)

Sigmund Freud (1874-1939)

Humboldt University of Berlin

Max Horkheimar (1895-1973)

Theodor Adorno (1903-1969)

Herbert Marcuse(1898-1979)

Karl Mannheim (1893-1947)

Ophelia

The Music Lesson

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