Significant Islamic Mathematicians-Al-Khwarizmi& Al-Karaji&OmarKhayyam: 3D Gallery

The Golden Age

Golden age is the time when the human beings are full of all the divine virtues and have all the seven qualities peace, purity, love, wisdom, happiness, power and bliss to the fullest. During Golden age, peace and harmony prevailed in that people did not have to work to feed themselves for the earth provided food in abundance. They lived to a very old age with a youthful appearance, eventually dying peacefully, with spirits living on as "guardians". During the Islamic Golden Age, there were great advance in mathematics, medicine, architecture and art.

Math in the Islamic Golden Age

Mathematics during the Golden Age of Islam especially during the 9th and 10th centuries, was built on Greek mathematics (Euclid, Archimedes, Apollonius) and Indian mathematics (Aryabhata, Brahmagupta). Islam made major strides in the field of algebra, geometry and trigonometry. They used to solve practical problems. Algebra was one of the main concepts that was further developed during the Islamic Golden Age. Without the knowledge that was gained during this period our understanding of algebra would be completely different.

Al-Khwarizmi

Muhammad Ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, more commonly known as Al-Khwarizmi, was born in in 780, and was the fatger of a new era in Islamic Mathematics. Al Khwarizmi was the most notable Islamic Mathematicians during the Islamic Golden Age. The basis of Algebra was found by Al Khwarizmi, who discovered it in the early 9th century.

Book on Calculation by Completion

Most of Al-Khwarizmi work was done in 813-833AD. He is considered to be the inventor of algebra. He wrote a book in 830AD titled: Book on Calculation by Completion, containing applications and examples of algebra. It describes, in depth how to solve polynomials to the second degree. It also contains the first systematic solutions to linear and quadratic equation.

Al-Karaji

Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al Ḥasan al-Karajī was a 10th-century Persian mathematician and engineer who flourished at Baghdad. He was born on 1 January 953 and died in 1 January 1029. He was born in Karaj, a city near Tehran. He brought out the idea of Algebraic calculus. He was the first to prove something by mathematical induction, and also came up with the theorem of binomials that helped pascals triangle come out. Al-Karaji is a Muslim mathematician and engineer from the late 10th century-early 11th century. Of Persian origin, he spent an important part of his scientific life in Baghdad where he composed ground breaking mathematical books.

The Extraction of Hidden Waters

Al-Karaji is the author of Inbat al-miyah al-khafiya (The Extraction of Hidden Waters), a technical treatise that reveals such a profound knowledge of hydrology that it should be celebrated as the oldest text of its kind in this field. The book provides an outstanding study on the different kinds of waters, the methods to find the water level, the description of instruments for surveying, the construction of the conduits, their lining, protection against decay, and their cleaning and maintenance. In this article the scientific work of Al-Karaji is characterized, details of his biography are surveyed and a special attention is paid to expound the contents of his treatise of hydology.

The Fighting Temeraire

Omar Khayyam lived from 1048 till 1131, and was a key figure in the Mathematical area during the Islamic Golden Age. He wrote one of the most famous treatises of Algebra. Omar Khayyam created the first theories known about parallels in quadrilaterals. He also found out how to solve roots of any degree, laying down some of the principles of Algebra about a century and a half after Al Khwarizmi produced the cores of Algebra. Khayyam had notable works in geometry, particularly on the theory of proportions

Treatise on Demonstration of Problems of Algebra

Khayyam’s most famous works include his highly influential mathematical treatise called ‘Treatise on Demonstration of Problems of Algebra’ which he completed in 1070. This treatise highlighted the basic algebraic principles that were ultimately shifted to Europe. This also contained a complete classification of cubic equations with geometric solutions found by means of intersecting conic sections.He laid the foundation of the Pascal’s triangle with his work on triangular array of binomial coefficients.

‘Explanations of the Difficulties in the Postulates of Euclid’

In 1077 major work was written by Omar Khayyam namely ‘Sharh ma ashkala min musadarat kitab Uqlidis’ meaning ‘Explanations of the Difficulties in the Postulates of Euclid’. It was published in English as “On the Difficulties of Euclid’s Definitions. In this book he contributed to non-euclidean geometry even though this was not his original plan. It is said that Omar Khayyam was originally trying to prove the parallels postulate when he proven the properties of figures in the non-euclidean geometry.

Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám

Omar Khayyam published some great poems. At the time, Omer Khayyam is the writer of more than a thousand ‘Rubaiyat’ or verses. He rose to fame as a poet through the translations of Edward Fitzgerald in 1859 known as ‘Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám’. His poetry is also translated to other languages other than English.

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Significant Islamic Mathematicians-Al-Khwarizmi& Al-Karaji&OmarKhayyam